These tutorials are intended to accompany a course using The Analysis of Biological Data by Whitlock and Schluter. The materials will follow the same order and level as this text. (The tutorisals are designed to be used approximately one per week during a course–there is not a one-to-one correspondence between chapters in ABD and tutorials. )

These tutorials have two main functions. First, they are intended to facilitate active learning in some core concepts in introductory statistics. Second, they introduce a key tool in modern statistics, the widely-used, open source statistic program called R.

Some of the exercises in these tutorials depend on working in a group environment, but other than the tutorial on Sampling, this is not required. An individual working on their own could accomplish the same learning goals with these tutorials, although there are a few questions here and there that would need to be skipped.

These tutorials are a work in progress. All comments and suggestions are greatly appreciated. If something is not working or can be improved, please let us know. Please e-mail Mike Whitlock at with any thoughts you have about how these tutorials can be improved.

Other resources for Whitlock and Schluter The Analysis of Biological Data are available chapter by chapter here. You can also view the resources by type, including:

R tutorials by topic

0. Loading R and RStudio

1. Intro to R, Part 1

2. Intro to R, Part 2

3. Graphics

4a. Making data files for R

4b. Sampling

5. Describing data

6. Frequency data

7. Contingency analysis

8. Normal distribution and sample mens

9. Comparing means of two groups

10. ANOVA

11. Correlation and regression

References and data sources for all tutorials


Rmarkdown files for tutorials